.ES

.ES is the so-called country code Top-Level-Domain (ccTLD) of Spain. A .ES domain is normally used by companies or private entities who are located in Spain or who have business relationships with Spain.

Introduced	1988
Country	Spain
Registry	red.es
IDN Capable	Yes
Webpage	Register .ES

Registry

TLD	.es
Allowed TLDs	.es, .com.es, .nom.es, .org.es
Registry	red.es
Dispute Policy	Rules
Registrar	1api GmbH
WHOIS-Server	https://www.nic.es/sgnd/dominio/publicBuscarDominios.action
WHOIS-Update	Real-Time
Min. Characters	3
Max. Characters	63
Character Set	Letters and numbers Hyphens ("-"), however not at the beginning or directly in front of the TLD IDN: allowed
Limitations	Registrant Contacts: Required: 1 / Maximum: 1 Admin Contacts: Required: 1 / Maximum: 1 Tech Contacts: Required: 1 / Maximum: 4 Billing Contacts: Required: 1 / Maximum: 4
{{{Possible Extensions}}}
IDN capable	Yes
Restore capable	Real-Time
Handle Updates	Unsupported
Registration System	Real-Time
Allowed number of NS	0 to 7
Registry Nameservercheck	No
Host IP-Addresses Type	IPv4 / IPv6
Hosts managed as	Object
Root Nameserver Update	every 4 hours
SEC DNS Interface	DS data interface
Transferclass	Pull
Transfer Periods	0Y
Transfer Authcode required	Yes
Transfer Real-Time	No
Transfer ACK by	Customer
Transfer NACK by	Customer
Transfer Lock	Yes
Owner Change by	Trade
Trade Periods	-
Transfer included	No
Trade Confirmation (Request / Approve)	Fax / -

Periods

{{{Possible Extensions}}}
Registration Periods	1-5 years / 10 years
Add Grace Period	0 days
Accounting Period	-9 days
Finalization Period	-6 days
Failure Period	8 days
Payment Period	-61 days
Deletion Restorable Period	2 days
Deletion Hold Period	0 days
Explicit Renewals	Yes
Renewal Periods	1-5 years / 10 years

API

Domain Registration

Domains can be registered in Real-Time with the API AddDomain command.

Available zones:

• ES
• COM.ES
• NOM.ES
• ORG.ES

command = AddDomain
domain  = (DOMAIN)

REQUIRED

ownercontact0 = (CONTACT)
admincontact0 = (CONTACT)
techcontact0 = (CONTACT)
billingcontact0 = (CONTACT)
nameserver0 = (NAMESERVER)
nameserver1 = (NAMESERVER)
X-ES-REGISTRANT-TIPO-IDENTIFICACION = 0 |  1 | 3 | 4
X-ES-REGISTRANT-IDENTIFICACION = A123456B
X-ES-ADMIN-TIPO-IDENTIFICACION = 0 |  1 | 3 
X-ES-ADMIN-IDENTIFICACION = A123456B
X-ES-ACCEPT-INDIVIDUAL-REGISTRATION-TAC = 0 | 1 (only for individuals)

OPTIONAL

X-ES-REGISTRANT-FORM-JURIDICA = 1 | 39 | 47 | ..... | 877 | ...
auth = <TEXT> | <NULL>
transferlock = 0 | 1 | <NULL>
subuser = <TEXT> | <NULL>

Domain Transfer

Please ensure the email address for the domain's administrative contact is valid, as a transfer confirmation email will be sent by the registry.
The transfer has to be initiated by the gaining registrar and can be requested with the API TransferDomain command.
A valid Authorization Code must be provided to initiate a transfer successfully. You may obtain the authorization code from the losing registrar.
As soon as a domain transfer has been initiated it can either be approved ("ACK") by Customer or denied ("NACK") by Customer.
The domain will not be renewed upon a successful transfer, so the expiration date of the domain will stay unchanged.

command = TransferDomain
domain = (DOMAIN)

REQUIRED

action = REQUEST | APPROVE | DENY | CANCEL | USERTRANSFER

OPTIONAL

order = CREATE | REPLACE | UPDATE
subuser = <TEXT> | <NULL>
period = <PERIOD>
transferlock = 0 | 1 | <NULL>

Delete Domain

Domains can be deleted with the API DeleteDomain command.
There is a Deletion Restorable Period of 2 days.

command = DeleteDomain
domain = (DOMAIN)

An email notification is sent to the administrative contact. The administrative contact can confirm the deletion request within 10 days. If the deletion request is not confirmed in time the domain will only be deleted at the end of its term.

Restore Domain

Restores can be processed in realtime. A restore is possible within 2 days upon deletion. Please use the command RestoreDomain.

command = RestoreDomain
domain = (DOMAIN)

OPTIONAL

renewalmode = <NULL> | <TEXT>
subuser = <TEXT>

Ownerchange

In order to change the owner, you have to request a trade with the TradeDomain command. This can be done through our web interface or through our API:

command = TradeDomain
domain = <DOMAIN>
ownercontact0 = <CONTACT>
admincontact0 = <CONTACT>
X-ES-REGISTRANT-TIPO-IDENTIFICACION = 0 |  1 | 3 | 4
X-ES-REGISTRANT-IDENTIFICACION = A123456B
X-ES-ADMIN-TIPO-IDENTIFICACION = 0 |  1 | 3
X-ES-ADMIN-IDENTIFICACION = 123456A
X-ES-ACCEPT-INDIVIDUAL-REGISTRATION-TAC = 0 | 1 (only for individuals)

OPTIONAL

X-ES-REGISTRANT-FORM-JURIDICA = 1 | 39 | 47 | ..... | 877 | ...

You have to state the contact handle of the new registrant. Please remember that the registry does not allow handle updates. Please always create a new contact handle and do not use modified contact handles.

TLD specific

Domain Registration - Additional parameters

In case of .ES registrations you have to identify the domain owner and admin contact with the corresponding additional parameters:

X-ES-REGISTRANT-TIPO-IDENTIFICACION = 0 |  1 | 3 | 4
X-ES-REGISTRANT-IDENTIFICACION = A123456B
X-ES-ADMIN-TIPO-IDENTIFICACION = 0 |  1 | 3 (The admin-c must be an individual)
X-ES-ADMIN-IDENTIFICACION = A123456B
X-ES-ACCEPT-INDIVIDUAL-REGISTRATION-TAC = 0 | 1 (only for individuals)

Value	Description	Documents
0	Otra; For non-spanish owner	passport number, drivers license number or even national identify card number
1	NIF/DNI; For Spanish Individual or Organization	Spanish National Personal ID or company VAT ID number
3	NIE: Alien registration card	Spanish resident alien ID number
4	VAT: Tax number

You can verfiy your NIF/NIE data at this european commision website:

http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/vatRequest.html

Identity number validation Number checksum can be verified via https://www.generador-de-dni.com/validador-de-dni Numbers starting and ending with a character are an NIE.

Individuals have to accept the Terms and Conditions for registering an ".es" Domain Name with the X-ES-ACCEPT-INDIVIDUAL-REGISTRATION-TAC parameter.

The OPTIONAL parameter of "X-ES-REGISTRANT-FORM-JURIDICA" have to identify the domain owner with the corresponding additional parameters:

X-ES-REGISTRANT-FORM-JURIDICA = 1 | 39 | 47 | ..... | 877 | ... 

Value	Description
1	individual
39	Economic Interest Group
47	Association
59	Sports Association
68	Professional Association
124	Savings Bank
150	Community Property
152	Community of Owners
164	Order or Religious Institution
181	Consulate
197	Public Law Association
203	Embassy
229	Local Authority
269	Sports Federation
286	Foundation
365	Mutual Insurance Company
434	Regional Government Body
436	Central Government Body
439	Political Party
476	Trade Union
510	Farm Partnership
524	Public Limited Company
525	Sports Association
554	Civil Society
560	General Partnership
562	General and Limited Partnership
566	Cooperative
608	Worker-owned Company
612	Limited Company
713	Spanish Office
717	Temporary Alliance of Enterprises
744	Worker-owned Limited Company
745	Regional Public Entity
746	National Public Entity
747	Local Public Entity
877	Others
878	Designation of Origin Supervisory Council
879	Entity Managing Natural Areas

Authorization Code

As of November 21, 2024, the .ES registry introduced expiring auth codes. It will be valid for 10 days by requesting a new authorization code. You can retrieve a valid auth code by removing the domain transfer lock. In case the transfer lock is not set, please set it first.

Restricted Domains

The list of reserved terms consisting of names of toponyms that coincide with the official denomination of the Territorial Public Administrations can be found here (https://www.dominios.es/sites/dominios/files/2021-08/toponimos_20210212.pdf).

These names are put on hold when registrations are submitted, the applications are rejected if requirements are not met. Anyone can submit a registration so it's not blocked. However, the eligibility criteria is as follows:

The owner of the domain must be the Territorial Public Administration, the constitutional body, the State Institution or the international or supranational organization, legitimized to request the domain name in accordance with the list of reserved terms, approved by Instruction of the President of the Public Business Entity Red.es dated 12 September 2005.

Only legal persons/organizations can register these reserved domains. The organization name must match the reserved names/ include the reserved name I believe.

Once registrations are submitted, the order goes into 'PDOC'/ Pending Documentation status. If documents are not submitted within 10 days the registration will be canceled.

Documents that are submitted are reviewed by their team within 24-48hrs (as confirmed by phone).

Documents required:

• Documentation accrediting that the holder is the Territorial Public Administration, constitutional body, State Institution or international or supranational body, legitimized to request the domain name in accordance with the list of reserved terms, approved by Instruction of the President of the Public Business Entity Red.es dated 12 September 2005.

FOR NIF (TAX number)

• Copy of the holder's Tax Identification Card.

Contact Validation Requirements

The registry provides information on the requirements regarding domain contacts in the following document: Automatic Validation Requirements.

Available registry TLD's and restrictions

• .ES/.COM.ES - Individuals and legal entities and organisations without legal entity with ties to Spain may apply for any .es" and/or .com.es domain.
• .NOM.ES - For .nom.es domains, individuals entities with ties to Spain may apply.
• .ORG.ES - Entities, institutions or groups, with or without legal entity, that are non-profit making and have ties to Spain may register .org.es domains.
• .GOB.ES/.EDU.ES - The .gob.es and .edu.es domains may be applied for by Public Bodies and Entities and Institutions related to Education and Research in Spain, respectively.

The .gob.es domains are reserved for Spanish Public Administrations and the Public Law entities within their sphere.

Entities, institutions and groups, with or without legal entity, that are officially recognised and undertake activities related to education or research in Spain may obtain .edu.es domains.

Ownerchange

The procedure to change the registrant of a .ES domain is semi-automated and must be handled by both using our system and the system of the registry.

1. Ensure the domain admin login details for the registry interface are valid and available.
   1. If not available, perform a WHOIS request at the NIC to receive the contact handle name (Identificador) of the admin contact (PERSONA DE CONTACTO ADMINISTRATIVO). The WHOIS request can be made here
   2. If the password, related to the registry contact handle, for the login at the registry is not known, you can request the password from the registry. The password will be send to the email address of the current admin contact. The password can be requested here.
2. Request a trade for the domain in the HEXONET system, providing the new holder and new admin contact, command available below.
3. Retrieve the NIC handles for the new holder and new admin contact. Those are necessary to start the registrant transfer in the web interface of the registry. The handles are being returned in the system response, as well as in the object log for this domain.
4. Login at the registry with the credentials of the current admin contact here
5. Once you are logged in to the web interface, click on "Solicitud Transmisión de dominio" (Domain Transfer Request)
6. Enter the domain name
7. Enter the new owner contact handle "Titular nuevo"
8. Enter the new admin contact handle "PCA nuevo"
9. Enter the captcha and press "Continuar"
10. On the next page, press "Tramitacion sin DNIe Certificado ..."
11. Enter the path to the ID / Passport copy from the current admin of the domain and press "Finalizar solicitud". Please note, the file has to be a .JPG with max. 2MB and max. 600px.
12. The new admin contact will receive an email from the registry enabling him to confirm or cancel the transfer request.
    1. The request must be confirmed by going to the link provided in the email. Please note that to access the confirmation form, the admin contact must be logged into the NIC web interface.
    2. Once the transfer request has been accepted, the web interface will display the content of the request so that the information entered can be checked.
    3. A form will appear “New registrant's conditions acceptance” on which new contacts and DNS and other parameters can be entered. With the exception of "Accredited Registrar" which must be set to "1API", please do not change anything else as this may cause synchronization issues with the HEXONET system.
    4. After you have chosen "1API" as registrar, please click "Next".
    5. On the next page, press "Tramitacion sin DNIe Certificado ..."
    6. The request can be signed by uploading a copy of the ID card or passport from the mentioned admin.
    7. Once the document has been signed, a screen will appear showing a summary of the request and there will be a change of status.

Hexonet System owner change command:

command = TradeDomain
domain = <DOMAIN>
ownercontact0 = <CONTACT>
admincontact0 = <CONTACT>
X-ES-REGISTRANT-TIPO-IDENTIFICACION = 0 |  1 | 3
X-ES-REGISTRANT-IDENTIFICACION = A123456B
X-ES-ADMIN-TIPO-IDENTIFICACION = 0 |  1 | 3
X-ES-ADMIN-IDENTIFICACION = 123456A
X-ES-ACCEPT-INDIVIDUAL-REGISTRATION-TAC = 0 | 1 (only for individuals)

OPTIONAL

X-ES-REGISTRANT-FORM-JURIDICA = 1 | 39 | 47 | ..... | 877 | ...

Flowchart

RegistrarOC

Change of Registrant (Trade)

If you are RegistrarOC customer, you have to activate pending domain trades after receiving the fax form with the ActivateDomainTrade command. As RegistrarOC customer, you have the possibility to customize our fax form with your logo and your fax number.

Restore Process

To restore a domain as a RegistrarOC customer, you simply have to execute the RestoreDomain command. HEXONET directly forwards the restore request to the registry, which performs the restore in real-time. As soon as the restore is complete, the domain will get assigned to your account with the original domain data.

Please do not initiate a restore directly at the registry (e.g. using the registrar webinterface). All restore operations must be performed through our system.